Will it make my bamboos grow faster to put them in my greenhouse?

their growth rate can actually vary quite drastically from variety to variety. The tropical varieties especially would do better in the greenhouse if your temperature is dipping below 70. The one thing that I have seen that is a persistent constant of all varieties, is that they like a lot of water, with a deep fertile loamy soil, that alone will get them shooting better than anything else. Bambusa Lako will be one of your faster growers, where Bambusa Oldhamii can be much slower. Look at the source link for some good literature.